![]() To raise the efficacy of these topical ointments, they need to be applied several times a day that may increase the pain level and interfere with wound healing. The topical treatment of burn wounds includes cleansing debridement damaged tissues and then using routine burn wound dressing. The first method to prevent infection in the burn wound site is to use topical antimicrobial agents or antibiotic ointments such as bacitracin, mupirocin, and silver sulfadiazine, as well as other aqueous solutions based on silver or aluminum. Infections caused by some fungi and bacteria are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality.Ī dry, dark scab or falling away of dead skin in the burn wound site provides a suitable environment in terms of temperature, nutrients, and humidity that leads to microbial growth. When a burn injury occurs, it initially damages the skin barrier that is mainly responsible to protect the body from the entry of foreign substances, including pathogens. ![]() Standard topical care in second degree burn wounds The proper burn surface cooling has been shown to have many benefits, including decreasing pain, stopping the tissue necrosis progression that affected by high temperatures, and probably helping heal of the wound.ġ.1. Topical burn care generally includes stopping the burn process, cleaning the injury site according to the type and degree of burn, removing the burn layer according to its depth (debridement), and using topical ointments for healing. Fourth‐degree burns reach the bone and tendon tissue and are in fact a kind of necrosis that leads to the loss of the injured limb in most cases. Deep partial thickness or third‐degree burns reach the hypodermis of the subcutaneous layer and, in many cases, are not painful for the patient as they damage the nerves. Superficial partial‐thickness burns involve the entire epidermis layer and the dermis surface (which itself is divided into two surfaces, the superficial partial‐thickness A and the deep partial thickness B). However, the new classification includes first‐degree superficial burns (the epidermal layer), which are associated with burning. Previously, burns were divided into three categories of first‐, second‐, and third‐degree. Burns are categorized to four groups first‐degree, second‐degree, third‐degree, and fourth‐degree. The skin has three distinct layer as follow: the outermost layer is epidermis, the inner layer the is dermis, and the subcutaneous layer is hypodermis. The skin performs a mixture of functions, including protecting the body against the environment, controlling water entering and leaving the body, providing electrolytes and various substances that protect against various pathogenic microorganisms, preventing ultraviolet rays, and providing mechanical agents that have social and sexual functions. The skin as the body's main protective organ, includes 15% of the body's weight and one and a half to two square meters of the body surface area, and is constantly exposed to a variety of injuries. ![]()
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